Sensitivity in nanoscale devices is achieved through various mechanisms:
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR): Utilizes the oscillation of conduction electrons at the surface of metallic nanoparticles to detect changes in the refractive index. Quantum Dots: Semiconductor nanoparticles that exhibit unique optical properties, making them highly sensitive to changes in their environment. Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: These materials have high electrical conductivity and large surface areas, making them excellent for sensing applications. Functionalization: Chemical modification of nanomaterials to enhance their interaction with specific analytes.
