Reactivity in nanotechnology is typically measured using techniques such as: 1. Spectroscopy: Methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy help analyze surface chemical states. 2. Microscopy: High-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) provides detailed images of nanomaterial surfaces. 3. Electrochemical Methods: Techniques like cyclic voltammetry measure the electrochemical activity of nanomaterials.
