How is Quantum Confinement Achieved Experimentally?
Quantum confinement is typically achieved through various fabrication techniques. Top-down approaches like lithography and etching are used to create nanostructures by removing material. Bottom-up approaches, such as chemical vapor deposition and molecular self-assembly, build nanostructures atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule. Both methods can precisely control the size and shape of the nanomaterials to achieve the desired quantum confinement effects.
