Several techniques are employed for reducing particle size to the nanoscale:
Milling: Mechanical methods like ball milling and jet milling are widely used to achieve nanoscale particles. These methods involve grinding the material to break it down into smaller pieces. Sol-gel Process: This chemical method involves transitioning a solution (sol) into a solid (gel) phase, leading to the formation of nanoparticles. Laser Ablation: Involves using high-energy lasers to erode material from a bulk target to form nanoparticles. Precipitation: This method involves the formation of nanoparticles by chemical reactions in a solution, leading to the precipitation of nanoscale particles.
