Several techniques are employed to achieve nanoscale manipulation, including:
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): This technique uses a sharp tip to scan a surface at the atomic level, allowing for the manipulation of individual atoms. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Similar to STM, AFM uses a cantilever with a sharp tip to interact with the surface of a sample, enabling the manipulation of nanoscale features. Electron Beam Lithography (EBL): EBL uses focused electron beams to create patterns on a substrate, which can be used to build nanoscale structures. Self-Assembly: This process involves the spontaneous organization of molecules into structured arrangements without human intervention.
