1. Mechanical Exfoliation: This method involves physically separating the layers of bulk MoS2 using adhesive tape. 2. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): CVD allows the growth of high-quality MoS2 films on various substrates by reacting molybdenum and sulfur precursors at high temperatures. 3. Liquid Phase Exfoliation: In this method, bulk MoS2 is dispersed in a solvent and subjected to ultrasonication to produce monolayers.