atomic and molecular systems

How is Manipulation Achieved at the Atomic Level?

The manipulation of atomic and molecular systems is achieved using various techniques such as Electron Beam Lithography, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). These tools allow scientists to visualize, measure, and move individual atoms and molecules with unprecedented accuracy. Additionally, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and molecular self-assembly are techniques used to construct complex nanostructures.

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