Several techniques are employed to measure interfacial adhesion at the nanoscale, including:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM can measure the force required to detach a probe from the surface, providing quantitative data on adhesion. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM can be used to observe the morphology of interfaces and assess adhesion quality. Peel Tests: These tests involve peeling a layer from a substrate to measure the force required, which is indicative of interfacial adhesion. Nanoindentation: This technique measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale, providing insight into adhesion properties.
