Increased density is typically achieved via several methods:
Nanoparticle Sintering: This process involves fusing nanoparticles together at high temperatures, reducing the porosity and increasing the material's density. Layer-by-Layer Assembly: By building materials one monolayer at a time, researchers can ensure a tight packing arrangement, leading to higher density. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): This technique involves depositing a material from a vapor phase onto a substrate, allowing for controlled and uniform density increases.