Functional performance is measured using a variety of techniques, depending on the specific property being evaluated. Common methods include:
Spectroscopy for analyzing chemical composition and electronic properties. Microscopy techniques like TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) for structural analysis. Mechanical testing for evaluating properties such as tensile strength and hardness. Electrochemical analysis for assessing conductivity and reactivity. Biocompatibility testing for medical applications.
