Cytotoxicity can be measured using several in vitro assays, each with specific advantages and limitations:
MTT Assay: Measures cellular metabolic activity and viability based on the reduction of MTT to formazan by mitochondrial enzymes. LDH Assay: Detects lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells, indicating membrane integrity. Trypan Blue Exclusion: A dye exclusion method where viable cells exclude the dye, and non-viable cells absorb it. Flow Cytometry: Analyzes cell size, granularity, and fluorescence to assess cell viability and apoptosis.
