control and optimization

How is Control Achieved?

Control can be achieved through various methods such as:
Self-assembly: Utilizing the natural tendency of molecules to arrange themselves into ordered structures.
Top-down approaches: Using techniques like lithography to carve out nanostructures from larger materials.
Bottom-up approaches: Building nanostructures atom by atom or molecule by molecule.
External fields: Applying electric, magnetic, or optical fields to manipulate nanostructures.

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