Biocompatibility is typically tested through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments:
1. In Vitro Tests: These tests involve studying the interaction of nanomaterials with cells in a controlled environment. Common assays include cytotoxicity tests and hemocompatibility assays. 2. In Vivo Tests: These tests involve studying the effects of nanomaterials in living organisms. They provide valuable information about the immune response, biodistribution, and long-term effects of the nanomaterials.
