total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (tirfm)

How Does TIRFM Work?

TIRFM operates on the principle of total internal reflection, which occurs when light traveling through a medium with a higher refractive index hits an interface with a medium of lower refractive index at an angle greater than the critical angle. This results in the generation of an evanescent wave that penetrates only a few hundred nanometers into the lower refractive index medium, thus exciting fluorophores in this very thin region.

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