The LbL deposition process typically involves several key steps: 1. Substrate Preparation: The substrate is cleaned and treated to ensure good adhesion of the deposited layers. 2. Adsorption: The substrate is immersed in a solution containing the first layer material, which is usually charged (either positively or negatively). 3. Rinsing: The substrate is rinsed to remove any loosely bound material. 4. Adsorption of Opposite Charge Material: The substrate is then immersed in a solution containing the second layer material with the opposite charge. 5. Rinsing: The substrate is rinsed again to remove excess material. 6. Repetition: Steps 2-5 are repeated to build up multiple layers.
