PCI operates on the principle of photodynamic therapy (PDT), but it is specifically designed to improve the intracellular delivery of macromolecules. The process involves several steps:
Cellular uptake of the photosensitizer and the therapeutic agent, often encapsulated in nanoparticles. Accumulation of these agents within endosomes and lysosomes. Illumination with light of an appropriate wavelength, activating the photosensitizer. Generation of ROS, leading to the rupture of the endosomal and lysosomal membranes. Release of the therapeutic agent into the cytoplasm, where it can exert its intended effect.
