Nanotechnology revolutionizes drug delivery by enabling the targeted transport of therapeutic agents directly to diseased cells. Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs in a controlled manner, minimizing side effects and maximizing drug efficacy. The ability to cross biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, opens new avenues for treating neurological disorders. However, the long-term effects of these nanocarriers on human health and the environment need thorough investigation.