The process begins by immersing the substrate into a solution containing a positively charged polyelectrolyte, allowing it to adsorb onto the negatively charged surface. The substrate is then rinsed to remove any unbound molecules. Next, it is immersed into a solution containing a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, which binds to the positively charged layer. This cycle is repeated to build up the desired number of layers. The thickness and composition of the film can be precisely controlled by adjusting parameters such as the concentration of the solutions, immersion time, and the number of deposition cycles.
