In high energy ball milling, a rotating barrel is filled with grinding media such as stainless steel or ceramic balls. The material to be milled is placed inside the barrel, which is then subjected to high rotational speeds. The collisions between the grinding media and the material result in repeated fracture and cold welding, ultimately reducing the particle size to the nanoscale. The process can be carried out under different atmospheric conditions (e.g., inert gas, vacuum) to prevent oxidation or contamination.
