Electrostatic stabilization is achieved by imparting a surface charge to the nanoparticles. This can be done by adsorbing ions from the surrounding medium onto the surfaces of the nanoparticles, or by chemically modifying the surface to make it charged. The zeta potential is a key parameter in this context, as it quantifies the magnitude of the electrostatic charge on the particles. A higher zeta potential indicates stronger repulsive forces, leading to better stabilization.
