The basic setup for electrochemical deposition includes an electrolyte solution containing metal ions, a cathode (the substrate where deposition occurs), and an anode (a counter electrode). When a voltage is applied between the electrodes, metal ions in the electrolyte are reduced at the cathode, forming a thin film. The thickness and morphology of the deposited layer can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as the electrolyte composition, current density, and deposition time.
