Cross contamination can occur through various mechanisms such as:
Airborne particles: Nanoparticles can become airborne during processes such as grinding, milling, or spraying, leading to their dispersal beyond the intended area. Surface adhesion: Nanoparticles can adhere to the surfaces of equipment, containers, and clothing, which can then transfer them to new environments. Liquid mediums: Nanoparticles suspended in liquids can easily spread through spills, leaks, or improper disposal methods.
