Probe lasers work by emitting a focused beam of light onto a nanomaterial or nanostructure. The interaction between the laser light and the material can be analyzed to provide information about the material's properties. Techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy often utilize probe lasers to achieve high-resolution measurements. The laser's wavelength, intensity, and coherence are critical parameters that determine its effectiveness for specific applications.