How Do Zwitterionic Polymers Resist Protein Adsorption?
Protein adsorption is a common issue in many biomedical applications, leading to biofouling and reduced efficiency. Zwitterionic polymers resist protein adsorption through a mechanism known as hydration layer formation. The charged groups in the polymer attract water molecules, creating a hydrated layer that acts as a physical and energetic barrier, preventing proteins from adhering to the surface.
