Template-based techniques typically involve the following steps:
Template Preparation: A template is prepared using methods such as lithography, self-assembly, or other nano-fabrication techniques. Material Deposition: The desired material is deposited onto or into the template. This can be done using various deposition methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrodeposition, or sol-gel process. Template Removal: The template is removed to reveal the final nanostructure. This can be achieved through chemical etching, thermal decomposition, or other methods.