Traditional electronics rely on the manipulation of electron charge to function, whereas spintronics involves the manipulation of electron spin states. In a spintronic device, the electron spin can be oriented in an "up" or "down" state, which can represent binary data. These devices typically include materials like ferromagnetic materials that can maintain spin orientation over time, and rely on phenomena such as Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) and Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) to read and write data.
