Penetration enhancers work through various mechanisms, including:
1. Modifying the lipid bilayer: Some enhancers integrate themselves into the lipid bilayer, disrupting its structure and increasing permeability. 2. Opening tight junctions: Certain enhancers act on tight junction proteins, temporarily opening these junctions to allow nanoparticles to pass through. 3. Solubilizing lipophilic compounds: Enhancers can increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs, aiding their transport across barriers.
