Open innovation models can take various forms, including:
Collaborative Research Projects: Multiple organizations work together on a common research goal. For instance, the Graphene Flagship project in Europe involves over 150 academic and industrial partners. Innovation Contests: Companies can host contests to crowdsource solutions to specific nanotechnology challenges. This approach has been employed by organizations such as NASA and DARPA. Technology Licensing: Universities and research institutions can license their nanotechnology patents to companies, enabling faster commercialization of new technologies. Spin-offs and Startups: Academic researchers can form startups to commercialize their nanotechnology innovations, often with the support of incubators and venture capital. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): These partnerships leverage the strengths of both sectors to drive nanotechnology advancements. Examples include the National Nanotechnology Initiative in the United States.
