The basic principle of nanopore sensing involves a nanopore embedded in a membrane that separates two electrolytic solutions. When a voltage is applied across the membrane, ions flow through the nanopore, creating an ionic current. As a molecule traverses the nanopore, it temporarily disrupts this current, causing a change in the ionic flow. By analyzing these changes, it is possible to determine various properties of the molecule, such as its size, shape, and charge.
