Nanoparticles, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), serve as carriers that encapsulate the mRNA, protecting it from degradation and facilitating its transport into cells. This encapsulation is crucial because mRNA is inherently unstable and can be easily broken down by enzymes in the body. By using LNPs, vaccines like those developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have achieved higher efficacy rates.
