Nanofillers work by being dispersed into a matrix material, which could be a polymer, metal, or ceramic. The presence of these nanoparticles creates a large interface area between the filler and the matrix. This extensive interface is key to transferring stress efficiently and enhancing the overall properties of the composite. For example, the addition of carbon nanotubes to a polymer matrix can increase its tensile strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability.
