The working principle of message carriers depends on the type of nanomaterial used. In the case of carbon nanotubes, electrical signals can be transmitted through the nanotube’s structure, which acts as a conduit. Quantum dots, on the other hand, can be excited using light or electrical energy to emit photons that carry information. Gold nanoparticles can be functionalized with various biomolecules to act as carriers in biological systems, where they can deliver messages through biochemical interactions.
