Risk assessment by environmental agencies typically involves several key steps:
1. Hazard Identification: Determining whether a nanomaterial is inherently harmful. 2. Dose-Response Assessment: Understanding the relationship between the dose of nanomaterial and the extent of toxic effect. 3. Exposure Assessment: Estimating the extent to which humans and the environment are exposed to the nanomaterial. 4. Risk Characterization: Combining the previous steps to characterize the overall risk of the nanomaterial.