Downflow booths operate using a system of HEPA or ULPA filters to create a laminar airflow that moves from the top of the booth downward. This unidirectional flow captures airborne particles and directs them away from the operator and the work area. The air is then recirculated through the filters or expelled outside, depending on the booth design. This continuous airflow provides a high level of containment and minimizes the risk of contamination.