Addressing in vivo complexity involves a multidisciplinary approach that combines nanotechnology, biology, chemistry, and medicine. One strategy is to engineer the surface properties of nanomaterials to enhance their biocompatibility and reduce immune responses. Another approach is to use targeting ligands that can direct nanomaterials to specific cells or tissues, improving their efficacy and reducing off-target effects. Advanced imaging and analytical techniques are also critical for monitoring the behavior of nanomaterials in real-time within biological systems.
