Several strategies can be employed to reduce the toxicity of nanomaterials. These include:
Surface Modification One effective method to reduce toxicity is through surface modification. By coating or functionalizing the surface of nanoparticles, their interaction with biological systems can be controlled. For instance, coating nanoparticles with biocompatible polymers can reduce their cytotoxicity and improve their stability in biological environments.
Green Synthesis Green synthesis involves using environmentally friendly methods and materials to produce nanomaterials. This approach minimizes the use of hazardous chemicals and reduces the environmental impact. Biological entities such as plant extracts, bacteria, and fungi can be utilized to synthesize nanoparticles in a more sustainable manner.
Controlled Release Systems Designing controlled release systems can help in minimizing the toxicity of nanomaterials. These systems ensure that the release of nanoparticles or their active agents occurs in a controlled manner, reducing the risk of sudden exposure to high concentrations. This is particularly important in medical applications where targeted delivery and controlled dosing are essential.
