1. Hazard Identification: Determining the intrinsic properties of nanomaterials that could cause harm. 2. Exposure Assessment: Understanding how and to what extent organisms (including humans) might be exposed to these materials. 3. Dose-Response Assessment: Studying the relationship between the amount of exposure and the severity of the adverse effects. 4. Risk Characterization: Combining the above assessments to estimate the probability and severity of adverse effects under specific conditions.
