Identifying irrelevant publications involves a careful review of several factors: - Journal Reputation: Is the article published in a well-regarded, peer-reviewed journal? - Citations: How frequently is the work cited by other researchers? A low citation count might indicate low impact. - Methodology: Does the article employ rigorous and clearly described methods? - Novelty: Does the publication present new and significant findings, or is it simply reiterating known information? - Peer Review: Was the article subjected to a thorough peer-review process?