Dialysis is a common treatment for patients with severe kidney dysfunction. Nanomaterials can enhance the efficiency of dialysis membranes by providing better filtration capabilities. For instance, carbon nanotubes and graphene-based materials can be incorporated into dialysis membranes to improve the removal of toxins and waste products from the blood. Additionally, nanotechnology can be used to develop portable and wearable dialysis devices, offering greater convenience and quality of life for patients.