Material Development: The creation of new nanomaterials with unique electrical and optical properties can lead to more efficient terahertz sources and detectors. Nanostructuring: By structuring materials at the nanoscale, researchers can create devices that interact with terahertz waves in specific ways, improving their performance. Integration: Nanoscale fabrication techniques can integrate terahertz components with existing electronic and optical systems, making them more practical for real-world applications.