Several techniques can be employed to make nanomaterials hydrophilic:
Chemical Modification: Functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amine (-NH2) can be added to the surface of nanomaterials to improve their hydrophilicity. Plasma Treatment: Exposing nanomaterials to plasma can introduce hydrophilic functional groups on their surfaces. Polymer Coating: Coating nanomaterials with hydrophilic polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) can enhance their water affinity.
