Low surface energy can be engineered through various methods:
Surface treatments: Techniques such as plasma treatment, chemical vapor deposition, and surface functionalization can be used to modify the surface properties of materials. Nanostructuring: Creating nanoscale textures and patterns on the surface of materials can effectively lower their surface energy. Coatings: Applying thin layers of low surface energy materials, such as fluoropolymer or silicone coatings, can achieve the desired properties.
