VNPs are constructed by exploiting the [protein capsid](href) of viruses, which can be modified to carry therapeutic agents or imaging molecules. The capsid proteins can self-assemble into [nanostructures](href) that mimic the virus, but without the viral genetic material, making them safe for various applications. Techniques like [genetic engineering](href) and chemical modification are commonly employed to tailor these nanoparticles for specific purposes.
