Achieving the desired vacuum levels requires specialized equipment known as vacuum pumps. Different types of pumps are used depending on the required vacuum level:
Rotary Vane Pumps: Commonly used for achieving low to medium vacuum levels. Turbomolecular Pumps: Used for high vacuum levels. Ion Pumps: Utilized for ultra-high vacuum levels. Cryopumps: Suitable for both high and ultra-high vacuum levels.
