There are several methods to functionalize tips, including:
1. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): This technique involves exposing the tip to a vapor containing the desired functional molecules, which then chemically bond to the tip surface. 2. Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs): These are layers of molecules that spontaneously organize themselves on the tip surface, forming a uniform and highly ordered functional layer. 3. Physical Adsorption: This method involves dipping the tip into a solution containing the functional molecules, which then adhere to the tip surface through weak physical forces. 4. Covalent Bonding: Directly attaching functional molecules to the tip through strong covalent bonds ensures a stable and durable functional layer.
