surface properties

How are Surface Properties Measured?

Measuring surface properties involves several techniques:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Provides topographical information and measures surface roughness.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Analyzes surface chemistry by examining the elemental composition.
Contact Angle Measurement: Evaluates surface energy and wettability.
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS): Measures particle size and surface charge in colloidal systems.

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