There are several methods to apply polymer coatings at the nanoscale, including:
Dip Coating: The substrate is dipped into a polymer solution and then withdrawn, allowing a thin film to form upon evaporation of the solvent. Spin Coating: A small amount of polymer solution is placed on the substrate, which is then spun at high speed to spread the solution uniformly. Layer-by-Layer Assembly: Alternating layers of positively and negatively charged polymers are deposited to build up a coating. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A gaseous precursor is decomposed on the substrate surface to form a polymer film. Electrospinning: An electric field is used to draw polymer fibers from a solution, creating a nanofiber coating.
