Several methods are used to produce nanostructured materials:
- Top-Down Approaches: These include techniques like lithography and milling, where larger materials are broken down into nanoscale structures. - Bottom-Up Approaches: These involve assembling materials from atomic or molecular components, such as chemical vapor deposition and sol-gel processes. - Biological Methods: Utilizing biological organisms or processes to create nanostructures, such as bacteria that produce nanomaterials.
