Nanomaterials can be applied in several ways, depending on the type of contaminant and the medium. For instance: - In Water Treatment: Nanomaterials can be used in filters, membranes, and as part of photocatalytic systems to degrade pollutants. - In Air Purification: Nanoparticles can be incorporated into coatings or filters to capture and break down airborne contaminants. - In Soil Remediation: Nanoparticles can be injected into contaminated soils to adsorb and neutralize pollutants.