Fabricating nanochannels involves several sophisticated techniques:
Electron Beam Lithography (EBL): A focused beam of electrons is used to draw nano-scale patterns on a substrate coated with an electron-sensitive film. Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Milling: Ions are directed onto the substrate to etch out nanochannels with high precision. Soft Lithography: This involves creating a mold of the nanochannel structure and then transferring it to a substrate material through microcontact printing or other techniques. Self-Assembly: Materials are designed to automatically arrange into nanochannels through processes like block copolymer assembly.
